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Eve Edelheit

“Fortnite” is better known for facilitating virtual battles between video game players. On Thursday, it picked a fight of its own with Apple and Google, setting the stage for a courtroom brawl that, if successful, could have far-reaching ramifications for the two tech juggernauts.

Epic Games, maker of “Fortnite,” on Thursday sued Apple and Google in separate lawsuits over “anticompetitive conduct” after both companies kicked the game’s app off their marketplaces. Epic Games <a href="https://www.epicgames.com/fortnite/en-US/news/the-fortnite-mega-drop-permanent-discounts-up-to-20-percent" target=_blank>released a feature</a> that lets users choose how they want to pay for in-app purchases — either through Apple’s App Store or Google’s Play Store, or from Epic directly, which saves up to 20 percent.

Apple and Google generally take a cut of approximately 30 percent of payments made in apps obtained through their stores.

Not long after Apple removed its app early Thursday, the video game maker filed a 65-page lawsuit in federal court in Northern California that appeared to anticipate Apple’s actions. A few hours later, it filed a similar 60-page suit against Google.<b> </b>

“Fortnite” is one of the most popular video games in the world. Last year, Epic Games boasted the game had about 250 million active accounts a month. According to market research firm Sensor Tower, “Fortnite” was downloaded 2.4 million times on the App Store over the last 30 days and generated $43.4 million in consumer spending through the iOS app over that period. Since it was created, it has tallied 133.2 million installs and accounted for $1.2 billion in spending.

Getting kicked off Apple’s App Store means new users won’t be able to download the mobile app. Users who already have it on their phones will still be able to use the game for now but won’t be able to update it to new versions.

Epic’s suit against Apple calls out the tech giant’s payment practices.

“Apple’s removal of Fortnite is yet another example of Apple flexing its enormous power in order to impose unreasonable restraints and unlawfully maintain its 100 percent monopoly over the iOS In-App Payment Processing Market,” the filing reads.

Apple spokesperson Fred Sainz said the company removed “Fortnite” from the store after Epic violated its guidelines.

“Epic enabled a feature in its app which was not reviewed or approved by Apple, and they did so with the express intent of violating the App Store guidelines regarding in-app payments that apply to every developer who sells digital goods or services,” he said in an emailed statement.

Google removed “Fortnite” from its Play Store as of late Thursday, although users can still download “Fortnite” directly from Epic’s website.

“In 1998, Google was founded as an exciting young company with a unique motto: ‘Don’t Be Evil,’ ” the lawsuit against Google alleges. “Twenty-two years later, Google has relegated its motto to nearly an afterthought, and is using its size to do evil upon competitors, innovators, customers, and users in a slew of markets it has grown to monopolize.”

Google spokesperson Dan Jackson said in a statement that the app was removed from its Play Store for violating its policies, but it is still available on Android. “For game developers who choose to use the Play Store, we have consistent policies that are fair to developers and keep the store safe for users,” he added.

Epic’s legal battle against Apple is the latest episode in a war between app developers and the tech giant. In recent years, Apple has grown more powerful because of its App Store, which controls which apps can be installed on iPhones. By contrast, developers can bypass Google’s Play Store with different Android app stores or offer their programs to download from their own sites. The App Store is more lucrative, though, because iPhone users spend more money online. And when businesses designed around mobile apps have proven successful, critics allege, Apple has increasingly encroached into those areas, using its power over the App Store <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/05/how-apple-uses-its-app-store-copy-best-ideas/" target=_blank>to advantage itself</a>.

The App Store has drawn the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/07/29/apple-google-facebook-amazon-congress-hearing/" target=_blank>attention of lawmakers</a> investigating Apple and other tech giants over competition concerns. Last month, Apple CEO Tim Cook defended the App Store cut in front of Congress when big tech executives were grilled as part of the investigation.

In recent years, as Apple has grown more powerful and competition in the smartphone industry has withered, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/16/apple-antitrust-european-commission/" target="_blank">developers have begun to fight back</a>. Most prominently, music streaming service <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/03/13/uk-panel-calls-new-antitrust-regulator-targeting-giant-tech-platforms/" target="_blank">Spotify made public complaints</a> in Europe, leading to an investigation by the European Commission into Apple’s business practices.

Tinder and Fortnite criticize Apple for its 'App Store monopoly’

Even as companies push back, Apple has grown more aggressive in enforcing its cut. In the past, Apple had allowed developers to collect subscription fees outside the App Store, so long as those alternative options were not advertised on the App Store. Companies like Amazon and Spotify had taken advantage of that loophole. But when email service Hey tried to do this, Apple stopped approving updated versions of its mobile app.

Silicon Valley is racing to build the next version of the Internet. Fortnite might get there first.

Companies like Spotify and Epic Games argue that Apple’s fees are artificially high because of Apple’s monopoly over the App Store, and they say the benefits Apple provides as the curator of the store do not merit a 30 percent fee.

Spotify spokesman Adam Grossberg said the company applauded Epic Games’ decision to “take a stand against Apple and shed further light on Apple’s abuse of its dominant position.” He added, “Apple’s unfair practices have disadvantaged competitors and deprived consumers for far too long. The stakes for consumers and app developers large and small couldn’t be higher and ensuring that the iOS platform operates competitively and fairly is an urgent task with far-reaching implications.”

Vidhya Murugesan, a spokeswoman for <a href="http://match.com/" target=_blank>Match Group</a>, which has also taken aim at Apple over its fees, said, “We fully support Epic Games’ efforts today to show how Apple uses its dominant position and unfair policies to hurt consumers, app developers and entrepreneurs. Regulators across the globe have expressed similar concerns and are examining Apple’s arbitrary practices. Match Group supports all efforts to ensure everyone is able to enjoy the benefits of a fair app ecosystem.”

Epic Games chief executive Tim Sweeney had already criticized Apple for its practices earlier this summer.

“The iOS App Store’s monopoly protects only Apple profit, not device security,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/16/apple-antitrust-european-commission/" target=_blank>he said.</a>

Members of Congress asked Cook if the company would ever increase its 30 percent commission, but the executive sidestepped the question. He stated the company has never increased subscription fees.

Apple has made some exceptions to the 30 percent fee, including for Amazon videos earlier this year. But those exceptions appear to be one-off deals. Apple also does not collect fees on purchases of real-world goods, such as items shipped from Amazon, coffee bought from Starbucks or cars ordered through apps like Uber and Lyft.

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“Fortnite” was released as a free game in 2017 by Epic Games. While it initially failed to make a splash, the game quickly pivoted toward the then-growing battle royale genre, which drew more fans every month. The game’s popularity skyrocketed in March 2018 when Tyler “Ninja” Blevins, the world’s most popular video game streaming personality, played matches of “Fortnite” with rappers Drake and Travis Scott, and NFL star JuJu Smith-Schuster.

“Fortnite” then became a global cultural touchpoint, becoming so popular that <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/are-pro-athletes-playing-too-much-fortnite-some-teams-are-worried/2018/07/20/664d5ffe-8ab5-11e8-85ae-511bc1146b0b_story.html">national sports leagues grew concerned</a> about lax player training schedules, and <a href="https://www.polygon.com/2019/1/17/18187400/netflix-vs-fortnite-hbo-hulu-competition">Netflix executives cited the game</a>, and not HBO or Hulu, as its biggest competitor.

The game remains one of the most-watched on Twitch, the streaming platform owned by Amazon.

On Thursday, shortly after its app was taken down by Apple, Epic rolled out a website and a video that spoofed Apple’s famous 1984 Super Bowl commercial. Back then, IBM was the juggernaut and Apple was the upstart. The commercial used George Orwell’s dystopian novel “1984” to paint IBM as Big Brother.

“On January 24th, Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And you’ll see why 1984 won’t be like 1984,” the commercial said.

Now, Epic Games sees Apple as having taken IBM’s place. “Epic respectfully requests this Court to enjoin Apple from continuing to impose its anti-competitive restrictions on the iOS ecosystem and ensure 2020 is not like ‘1984.’ ”

Epic’s suit says the payment system is used to effectively “gag app developers” from even mentioning other payment options outside the app.

“Apple has become what it once railed against: the behemoth seeking to control markets, block competition, and stifle innovation,” the suit reads.

<i>Gene Park contributed to this report.</i>

Western Washington University, BA in Journalism

Rachel Lerman covers breaking news in technology for The Washington Post.

Rachel Lerman

New York Press Club award for sports news; National Headliner Award for sports writing; Gold Medal for the Axiom Business Book Awards

"Wheelmen: Lance Armstrong, The Tour de France and the Greatest Sports Conspiracy Ever." 

San Diego State University, BA

Reed Albergotti is The Washington Post's consumer electronics reporter, taking readers inside powerful and secretive companies such as Apple and shedding light on the murky and global industry responsible for building the myriad devices that touch every aspect of our lives. He spent 12 years at the Wall Street Journal and four at the Information. 